Understanding PANDAS/PANS: How Therapy Can Help
When it comes to children’s mental health, parents are often on the lookout for the usual suspects like ADHD, anxiety, and depression. However, lesser-known conditions like PANDAS and PANS can often go unnoticed, even though they can significantly impact a child’s life. At Washington Psychological Wellness, we believe in spreading awareness about these conditions and how therapy can be a crucial part of the treatment plan.
What are PANDAS and PANS?
PANDAS (Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections) and PANS (Pediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome) are conditions that cause sudden and severe onset of neuropsychiatric symptoms in children. These symptoms often include obsessive-compulsive behaviors, motor or vocal tics, and emotional lability.
While PANDAS is specifically triggered by a streptococcal infection (such as strep throat), PANS can be triggered by various infections, environmental factors, or even metabolic disturbances. The result is an autoimmune reaction where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks healthy brain cells, leading to inflammation and neuropsychiatric symptoms.
Common Symptoms of PANDAS/PANS
Children with PANDAS/PANS often experience a sudden, dramatic onset of symptoms that can include:
- Obsessive-Compulsive Behaviors: Sudden development of intense fears, irrational concerns, or repetitive behaviors.
- Tics: Uncontrollable movements or sounds that the child repeatedly makes.
- Anxiety and Panic Attacks: Sudden and intense feelings of fear or worry.
- Mood Swings and Irritability: Unexplained changes in mood or frequent emotional outbursts.
- Regression: Loss of skills, such as handwriting or math abilities, that were previously mastered.
- Sleep Disturbances: Difficulty falling or staying asleep, night terrors, or sleepwalking.
Diagnosing PANDAS/PANS
Diagnosing PANDAS or PANS can be challenging due to its sudden onset and varied symptoms. Typically, a diagnosis is made by a pediatrician, neurologist, or immunologist after a thorough evaluation, including a detailed medical history and clinical examination. It is crucial to rule out other possible causes of the symptoms, such as Tourette syndrome, anxiety disorders, or other neurological conditions. Blood tests and throat cultures may also be used to identify any recent infections that could have triggered the autoimmune response.
Common Misconceptions about PANDAS/PANS
There are several misconceptions surrounding PANDAS and PANS:
- It’s just a behavioral issue: This misconception can lead to delays in seeking appropriate medical and psychological treatment. PANDAS/PANS is a medical condition with a biological basis and requires specialized care.
- Only strep infections can cause these symptoms: While PANDAS is specifically linked to streptococcal infections, PANS can be triggered by a variety of infections, not just strep.
- PANDAS/PANS only affects children: While PANDAS/PANS is most commonly diagnosed in children, it can also affect late teens and adults. In some cases, the condition may be triggered in adulthood due to an activating event or infection that causes an immune response. Other times, it may be a result of a late diagnosis or a realization that the individual had the condition all along but was never properly diagnosed. Additionally, those diagnosed in childhood or adolescence might experience relapses of symptoms later in life. This highlights the importance of recognizing the potential for these conditions across different age groups and ensuring appropriate treatment at any stage.
Understanding these conditions as more than just behavioral issues or childhood-only disorders is essential for proper diagnosis and treatment.
How Therapy Can Help with PANDAS/PANS
At Washington Psychological Wellness, we recognize that PANDAS and PANS can be incredibly challenging for both the child and their family. While medical treatment, such as antibiotics or anti-inflammatory medications, is essential to manage the physical aspects of the condition, therapy plays a vital role in addressing the psychological and emotional impacts.
1. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT):
CBT is a highly effective approach for managing symptoms associated with PANDAS/PANS, especially OCD and anxiety. This therapeutic method helps children learn to recognize and challenge unhelpful thoughts and behaviors. Through CBT, children can develop coping strategies to manage their fears and compulsions more effectively.
2. Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP):
ERP is a specific type of CBT that focuses on reducing obsessive-compulsive behaviors. By gradually exposing children to the source of their fears in a controlled environment and preventing their usual compulsive response, ERP helps them build resilience and reduce the intensity of their OCD symptoms.
3. Family Therapy:
PANDAS/PANS can be incredibly stressful for families, often leading to feelings of helplessness and confusion. Family therapy provides a supportive space for family members to express their emotions, learn about the condition, and develop strategies to support their child. It also helps improve communication within the family and reduces the overall stress experienced by all members.
4. Supportive Counseling:
Supportive counseling can provide a safe space for children to express their emotions and fears without judgment. This form of therapy focuses on building trust and understanding, helping children feel heard and validated during a confusing and frightening time.
5. Collaborative Care:
At Washington Psychological Wellness, we emphasize a multidisciplinary approach to care. This means working closely with pediatricians, neurologists, immunologists, and other healthcare professionals involved in the child’s care. By creating a comprehensive treatment plan, we ensure that all aspects of the child’s health, both physical and psychological, are addressed.
Importance of a Multidisciplinary Approach
Treating PANDAS/PANS often requires a team of healthcare professionals, including doctors, therapists, and school personnel. A coordinated approach ensures that all areas of the child’s life are considered, from medical treatments to psychological support and educational accommodations.
Long-Term Outlook for Children and Adults with PANDAS/PANS
The long-term outlook for individuals with PANDAS/PANS can vary. Some may experience symptoms for a short period, while others might have recurring episodes, especially if they encounter triggers like infections. With early intervention and a comprehensive treatment plan, many individuals can manage their symptoms effectively and lead fulfilling lives. Ongoing monitoring and adjustments to the treatment plan are crucial for long-term success.
Real-Life Impact: A Case Study
At Washington Psychological Wellness, we’ve seen the positive impact of therapy on children with PANDAS/PANS. For example, a young patient came to us after developing severe OCD behaviors following a strep infection. Through a combination of CBT and family therapy, the child and family learned coping strategies that significantly reduced the severity of symptoms, helping the child return to school and resume normal activities.
Why Early Intervention Matters
Early intervention is key in managing PANDAS/PANS. The sooner a child receives appropriate medical and psychological care, the better the chances of reducing symptoms and improving quality of life. Parents who notice sudden behavioral changes in their child should consult with healthcare providers immediately to rule out PANDAS/PANS and other potential causes.
Conclusion
Understanding PANDAS and PANS is crucial for early diagnosis and effective treatment. At Washington Psychological Wellness, we are committed to supporting children and families affected by these conditions. Through a combination of therapy, medical treatment, and family support, children can find relief from their symptoms and regain a sense of normalcy in their lives.
If you suspect your child or teenager may be struggling with PANDAS or PANS, don’t hesitate to reach out to us at Washington Psychological Wellness. We are here to help guide you through this journey toward recovery and wellness. Contact us today to schedule an appointment or to learn more about our services.
For more information on PANDAS/PANS and our therapeutic services, visit our blog or call us at (301)-769-5878